A nuclear reactor generates energy through nuclear fission, where heavy atomic nuclei, typically uranium-235 or plutonium-239, split into smaller nuclei when struck by neutrons. This process releases a substantial amount of heat.
1. **Fuel**: Fuel rods containing fissile material are placed in the reactor core.
2. **Neutron Source**: Neutrons initiate the fission process.
3. **Moderation**: A moderator (like water or graphite) slows down the released neutrons, making them more likely to cause further fission.
4. **Control Rods**: Control rods made of materials that absorb neutrons are used to regulate the fission reaction and maintain a steady output of energy.
5. **Heat Transfer**: The heat generated from fission heats a coolant (usually water), which circulates through the reactor.
6. **Electricity Generation**: The heated coolant produces steam that drives turbines connected to generators, converting thermal energy into electricity.
Safety systems are in place to manage the reaction and prevent overheating or radiation release.
